Vacuum Cleaner with a Removable Screen

ABSTRACT

A surface cleaning apparatus can include a dirt inlet, a handle, and a cyclone bin having a longitudinal axis and a sidewall extending between an openable top and an openable bottom. The surface cleaning apparatus can also include a cyclone chamber located in the cyclone bin. The cyclone chamber can have an upper wall, a fluid inlet downstream from the dirt air inlet and a fluid outlet, and the fluid outlet can be removably mounted in the upper wall. The surface cleaning apparatus can also include a dirt collection located in the cyclone bin and a fluid flow motor.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,727, filed Mar. 8, 2007, which claimed priority to U.S. provisional application No. 60/780,824, filed Mar. 10, 2006, the entirety of both applications being incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, this invention relates to a cyclonic surface cleaning apparatus, such as a vacuum cleaner, which has a removable screen. The vacuum cleaner may have a cyclonic stage that comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel or a plurality of cyclonic stages wherein at least two cyclonic stages comprise a plurality of cyclones in parallel. In another aspect, this invention relates to improved cyclone designs. In a further aspect, this invention relates to improved designs for an array of cyclones, including designs wherein the cyclones are positioned side by side, wherein some, and preferably all of the cyclones are connected in parallel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cyclonic vacuum cleaners are known in the art. In addition, cyclonic vacuum cleaners which comprise a first stage cyclone and plurality of second stage cyclones are known. An example is shown in Conrad (U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,585). As shown therein, a vacuum cleaner has a first cyclonic cleaning stage comprising a single first stage cyclone and a second cyclonic cleaning stage downstream from the first cyclonic cleaning stage and comprising a plurality of cyclones in parallel.

The plurality of second stage cyclones typically remove particulate matter finer than the particulate matter that is removed in the first cyclonic cleaning stage. Accordingly, the coarsest particulate matter that is entrained in an air stream is removed in the first cyclonic cleaning stage and finer particulate matter is removed in the downstream cyclonic cleaning stage. However, the air exiting the second cyclonic cleaning stage may still contain sufficient particulate matter to damage a suction motor positioned downstream from the second cyclonic cleaning stage. Accordingly, as shown in Conrad, a filter may be positioned downstream from the second cyclonic cleaning stage and upstream from the suction motor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one aspect of the instant invention, a cyclone chamber is provided with a screen that covers all or a portion of the outlet from the cyclone chamber and which is removable and, optionally, replaceable, preferably through the top (air entrance end) of the cyclone chamber. In a preferred embodiment, the screen is formed with a handle (e.g., the air outlet conduit) so that a consumer need not touch the screen during removal. A part of the top panel of the cyclone casing may be removable with the screen as an assembly and may be used to secure the assembly in position (e.g., by a screw thread, bayonet mount or other releasable means that engages with the portion of the cyclone separator casing that is not removed with the screen). The screen may have longitudinally extending side walls to define an outer perimeter screen and a transversely extending wall to define a central screen, which are connected together so as to define a screen member that has an open volume (a capture region) that is surrounded on its length, width and height by a screen material. For example, the screen may be H shaped, a square U shape or a square inverted U shape.

Alternately, or in addition, in accordance this aspect, the screen is provided in a cyclone chamber such that the air travels into an open enclosure of the screen prior to traveling through the screen to the outlet from the cyclone chamber. For example, the screen may be H shaped or a square inverted U shape. The open enclosure is surrounded on all sides (other than the bottom), by screen material, thereby enlarging the surface area of screen through which the air may travel prior to entering the cyclone outlet. The air will initially tend to travel upwardly into the open enclosure, and through the transverse member to the cyclone outlet. If the transverse member becomes clogged, the air may pass through the side wall of the open enclosure and then travel back inwardly through additional screen material into the interior of the screen prior to exiting through the cyclone outlet.

The screen is preferably constructed from a material that will assist in retaining or trapping particulate matter. For example, the screen may be made from an adhesive material. Alternately, or in addition, the screen may be provided with microfilaments that extend outwardly therefrom. The microfilaments create a surface (for example like a very fine Velcro™) material on which elongate material such as hair may become trapped. In accordance with another aspect of this invention, a removable vortex finder, or a removable vortex finder and a removable screen, is provided. In accordance with one embodiment of this aspect, a surface cleaning apparatus may include a dirt inlet, a handle and a cyclone bin having a longitudinal axis and a sidewall extending between an openable top and an openable bottom. The surface cleaning apparatus may also include a cyclone chamber located in the cyclone bin and having an upper wall, a fluid inlet downstream from the dirt air inlet and a fluid outlet. The fluid outlet may be removably mounted in the upper wall. The surface cleaning apparatus may also include a dirt collection chamber for the cyclone chamber. The dirt collection chamber may be located in the cyclone bin. The surface cleaning apparatus may also include a fluid flow motor.

The openable top may secure the fluid outlet in a closed position.

The openable top may have engagement members that retain the fluid outlet in position when the openable top is in the closed position.

The openable bottom may include a floor of the dirt collection chamber.

The fluid outlet may have an upper portion positioned above the upper wall.

The fluid outlet may be rotatably mounted to the upper wall.

The fluid outlet may be slidably receivable in the upper wall in any rotational alignment with respect to the longitudinal axis.

The surface cleaning apparatus may also include a screen covering an inlet of the fluid outlet and the screen may be removable with the fluid outlet.

The upper wall may have a removable annular band that has a diameter larger than the diameter of the screen.

The removable annular band may be removable with the fluid conduit.

In accordance with another embodiment of this aspect, a surface cleaning apparatus may include a dirt inlet, a handle, and a cyclone bin having a sidewall extending between a first openable end and a spaced apart opposed second openable end. The surface cleaning apparatus may include a cyclone chamber located in the cyclone bin and the cyclone chamber may have an end wall at the first openable end, a fluid inlet downstream from the dirt air inlet and a fluid outlet. The fluid outlet may be provided in the end wall and may be removably mounted. The surface cleaning apparatus also includes a fluid flow motor.

The surface cleaning apparatus may also include a dirt collection chamber for the cyclone chamber. The dirt collection chamber may be located in the cyclone bin.

The second openable end may include an end wall of the dirt collection chamber.

The first openable end may interact with the fluid outlet whereby the fluid outlet is retained in position when the first openable end is in a closed position.

The first openable end may have engagement members that retain the fluid outlet in position when the first openable end is in the closed position.

The fluid outlet may have an outer portion that extends beyond the end wall outward of the cyclone chamber.

The fluid outlet may be rotatably mounted to the end wall.

The fluid outlet may be slidably receivable in the end wall in any rotational alignment with respect to a longitudinal axis of the cyclone chamber.

A screen covering an inlet of the fluid outlet may be removable with the fluid outlet.

The end wall may have a removable annular band that has a diameter larger than the diameter of the screen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other advantages of the instant invention will be more fully and completely understood in association with the following description of preferred embodiments of this invention wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a vacuum cleaner incorporating two cyclonic cleaning stages;

FIG. 2 is a cross section along line 2-2 of the vacuum cleaner of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2 a is an exploded view of the cyclonic cleaning stages of the vacuum cleaner of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3, 3 a and 3 b are perspective views of a cyclone inlet according to an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cyclone separator in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention, wherein the outer casing of the cyclone separator is transparent;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a cyclone separator in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a cyclone separator in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention;

FIGS. 6 a are side views of plates that are used in accordance with alternate embodiments of this invention to divide the interior of a cyclone separator into a cyclone chamber and a dirt collection region;

FIGS. 6 b and 6 c are perspective views of plates that are used in accordance with alternate embodiments of this invention to divide the interior of a cyclone separator into a cyclone chamber and a dirt collection region;

FIG. 6 d is a vertical section through a cyclone separator showing an alternate position for a plate in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention;

FIG. 6 e is a vertical section through a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein the plate is mounted by means of magnets;

FIG. 6 f is a side view of a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein a magnet is used to assist in particle capture;

FIG. 6 g is a vertical section through a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein the plate is mounted by mechanical means to the inner surface of the side wall of the dirt collection chamber wherein the bottom door is closed;

FIG. 6 h is a vertical section through a cyclone separator of FIG. 6( g) wherein the bottom door is open;

FIG. 7 is a vertical section of a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein the bottom of the cyclone casing is raised to form an annular dirt collection chamber;

FIG. 7 a is a vertical section of a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein the lower portion of the side walls of the cyclone casing have a larger diameter to form an enlarged dirt collection chamber;

FIG. 7 b is a vertical section of a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein the bottom of the cyclone casing is raised to form an annular dirt collection chamber and a longitudinally extending annular dirt collection chamber is provided;

FIG. 7 c is a vertical section of a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein a redirector is provided;

FIG. 7 d is a vertical section of a cyclone separator showing an alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention wherein a redirector is provided and the outlet is in the bottom of the cyclone casing;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an array of cyclone separators in accordance with alternate preferred embodiment of the instant invention;

FIG. 8 a is a top plan view of a construction detail for the array of cyclones of FIG. 8;

FIG. 8 b is a top plan view of an alternate construction detail for the array of cyclones of FIG. 8;

FIG. 8 c is a top plan view of an alternate construction detail for the array of cyclones of FIG. 8;

FIG. 8 d is a side view of the alternate construction detail of FIG. 8 c;

FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 c;

FIG. 9 a is a perspective view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 c;

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 c constructed as two sequential stages with a common manifold between the stages;

FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 b;

FIG. 11 a is a perspective view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 b;

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 b constructed as three sequential stages with a common manifold between the stages;

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 a;

FIG. 13 a is a perspective view of the cyclone array of FIG. 8 a;

FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of the cyclone array described in FIG. 8 a constructed as two sequential stages with a common manifold between the stages

FIG. 15 is a schematic drawing of a vacuum cleaner having a plurality of cyclones in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 15 a is an alternate schematic drawing of a vacuum cleaner having a plurality of cyclones in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a cyclone array removed from a vacuum cleaner wherein the water inlet port is open;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a vacuum cleaner wherein the second cyclonic stage is removed while the first cyclonic stage is retained in position on the vacuum cleaner;

FIGS. 18 and 19 are perspective views of a vacuum cleaner wherein the first and second cyclonic stages are removed and the first and second cyclonic stages are subsequently separated for separate emptying;

FIGS. 20 and 21 are perspective views of an alternate embodiment of a vacuum cleaner wherein the second cyclonic stage is removed while the first cyclonic stage is retained in position on the vacuum cleaner;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a cyclone bin for use with a surface cleaning apparatus;

FIG. 23 is a section view of the cyclone bin of FIG. 22, taken along line 23-23;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the cyclone bin of FIG. 22 with a lid in an open position;

FIG. 25 is similar to the perspective view of FIG. 24 with a vortex finder and screen removed from the cyclone bin; and

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the cyclone bin of FIG. 22 with both the lid and floor in an open position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description of the preferred embodiments of the improvements in cyclones and arrays of cyclones are described herein with reference to their application in a surface cleaning apparatus and, in particular, a vacuum cleaner. It will be appreciated, that in different embodiments, the improvements may be used in other household appliances, such as air cleaners including portable room air cleaners, air cleaners for furnaces and the like, as well as other commercial and industrial uses including breathing masks, such as for use in hospitals and in toxic environments and air treatment systems for cars and the like.

Description of Exemplified Upright Vacuum Cleaner

In a preferred embodiment, the improvements are used in a surface cleaning apparatus and, preferably, a vacuum cleaner and, more preferably, a vacuum cleaner having a plurality of cyclonic cleaning stages. A preferred embodiment of a multi stage cyclonic vacuum cleaner that is used to exemplify the different aspects is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown therein, vacuum cleaner 1 is an upright vacuum cleaner having a ground engaging head 2, a main casing 3 pivotally mounted with respect to ground engaging head 2, a handle 4 for steering vacuum cleaner 1 and an electric cord 5. Main casing 3 has a cyclonic cleaning unit 6 comprising a first cyclonic cleaning stage 7 comprising a single cyclone and a second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 comprising a plurality of cyclones 9 in parallel. Dirty air may be introduced into first cyclonic cleaning stage 7 by any means known in the art. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, vacuum cleaner 1 has a ground engaging head 2 having a dirty air inlet (not shown) which is in airflow communication with the first stage cyclone inlet 10. The air travels through first cyclonic cleaning stage 7, which is exemplified as comprising a single cyclone, and exits upwardly via first stage cyclone outlet 27. The air travels upwardly to enter second stage cyclones 9 via second stage cyclone inlets 12. The air travels through second stage cyclones 9 and exists second stage cyclones 9 via second stage cyclone outlets 13. The treated air then travels downwardly via conduit 14 into the ground engaging head to a fluid flow motor that is preferably a suction motor 15 prior to exiting vacuum cleaner 1.

Ground engaging head 2 may be of any construction known in the art and may include a rotating brush or the like to assist in entraining dirt in the dirty air inlet (not shown) in ground engaging head 2. In addition, vacuum cleaner 1 may include an extension wand or the like for above the floor cleaning as is known in the art. It will also be appreciated that in an alternate embodiment, vacuum cleaner 1 may be a canister vacuum cleaner, a back pack vacuum cleaner, a carpet extractor, a wet/dry vacuum cleaner, or other vacuum cleaner or surface cleaning equipment utilized in household and commercial applications which may use a surface cleaning head (i.e. a head that may be used to clean a surface that may be a floor, wall, furniture or other surface as is known in the art), and which are preferably used in domestic applications and, in particular, indoor applications.

Combinations of Cyclones

In accordance with an aspect of the instant invention, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, a plurality of cyclonic cleaning stages and, preferably, a plurality of arrays of cyclones are provided. Preferably, such constructions are utilized to remove particulate matter in air, particularly in domestic applications, such as surface cleaning apparatus (e.g. vacuum cleaners, carper extractors and the like) and air cleaners (e.g., portable air cleaners or air cleaners connected to a furnace for a house). As shown in FIG. 2, a vacuum cleaner may has a cyclonic cleaning unit 6 comprising a first cyclonic cleaning stage 7 comprising a single cyclone, a plurality of second stage cyclones 9 and a plurality of third stage cyclones positioned in pre-motor area 16 (e.g. an array 73 as shown in FIG. 8).

It will be appreciated that in an alternate embodiment, the first cyclonic stage may comprise a plurality of cyclones in parallel. For example, a vacuum cleaner may comprise two cyclonic cleaning stages wherein each comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel, preferably the first and second stages in order of fluid flow through the vacuum cleaner.

As a further example, suction or air flow motor 15 (e.g., a dirty air motor) may be positioned upstream from the cyclonic cleaning unit 6, wherein unit 6 may contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 cyclonic cleaning stages. In accordance with this example, at least one, preferably a plurality of and, more preferably, all of the cyclonic cleaning stages comprise a plurality of cyclones in parallel.

Alternately, a cyclone cleaning stage may be provided upstream from motor 15 and a plurality of cyclonic cleaning stages (e.g. 2, 3 or 4), may be positioned downstream from the suction motor 15. Some, and preferably a plurality of and, more preferably, all of the cyclonic cleaning stages comprise a plurality of cyclones in parallel.

Alternately, a plurality of cyclonic cleaning stages may be provided upstream from the motor and one or more cyclonic cleaning stages may be provided downstream from motor 15. For example, two or three cyclonic cleaning stages may be positioned upstream from the motor 15 and one or two cyclonic cleaning stages may be positioned downstream from the motor 15. Preferably, some, more preferably most and, most preferably all of the cyclonic cleaning stages comprise a plurality of cyclones in parallel.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, four cyclonic cleaning stages may be provided upstream from a motor 15 wherein at least one, preferably some and, most preferably all of the cyclonic cleaning stages comprise a plurality of cyclones in parallel.

Preferably, the cyclonic stages are provided exterior to each other (i.e., not nested). Therefore, they may be stacked (one on top of the other) or positioned side by side.

Construction of Cyclone Inlets

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, a cyclone separator 20 may have air inlet 21 that is located on the top of the separator 20, see for example FIGS. 3, 3 a and 3 b. The inlet 21 may be round, oval, square, rectangular, ellipsoid or any other shape in transverse section to the direction of flow, but a rectangular shape, as exemplified in the Figures, is preferred. The particle laden fluid represented by arrow 22 enters into the air inlet 21 and is directed by the spiral ramp 25 that defines inlet 21 so as to create cyclonic circulation 23 in cyclone separator 20. The spiral ramp 25 can be configured to occupy an arc of from 10° to 360° of the perimeter of the circumference of the cyclone separator 20 as seen from above. Preferably, the spiral ramp 25 extends through an arc from 15 to 360° and, more preferably from 25° to 270° and, most preferably from 25° to 90°. In the embodiment of FIG. 3 a, air or fluid inlet 21 extends through an arc of 90° and in the embodiment of FIG. 3 b, air inlet extends through an arc of 270°. The spiral ramp 25 may be configured in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. As exemplified in the drawings, at least a portion of, and preferably all of, inlet 21 is positioned exterior to the cyclone chamber, which chamber is located inside cyclone separator 20. For example, the inlet may be on the outer surface of cyclone separator 20 but is preferably positioned at the top of cyclone separator 20.

Cyclonic circulation 23 in cyclone separator 20 causes at least a portion of the particles 24 within the particle laden fluid stream 22 to be disentrained from the fluid flow stream and accumulate within the lower region of the cyclone separator 20. The fluid stream 26, which exits the cyclone separator 20 through the fluid outlet 27 that is located adjacent to the inlet 21, has a reduced concentration of the particles 24 than particle laden fluid stream 22. It is understood that this construction can be applied to a single cyclone or a plurality of cyclones in parallel. In another embodiment, it will be appreciated that outlet 27 may be provided in the bottom of cyclone separator 20 or any other location known in the art.

An advantage of having the spiral ramp 25 occupy only a portion of the circumference of the cyclone separator 20 is that the inlet 21 can be more readily connected to air intakes, manifolds, or ducts which may lead from the floor engaging nozzle (e.g. a surface cleaning head), from another cyclone, a filter bag, a plurality of other cyclones, a fan, a pump or other pressure source, or from any other source of particle laden fluid.

Another advantage of this embodiment is that by reducing the arc of the inlet 21, the volume of the inlet is reduced thereby effectively increasing the volume of a cyclone chamber. Accordingly, by using a spiral inlet that extends through an arc less than one full revolution, the volume of a cyclone separator 20, and accordingly, the amount of dirt which may be contained in the separator 20 may be increased without increasing the outer dimension of the cyclone casing or the appliance in which the cyclone casing is provided. It will be appreciated that in surface cleaning appliances, such as vacuum cleaners and carpet extractors, air cleaners and the like, the foot print that the appliance may occupy is limited. Accordingly, in order to enhance the dirt retaining capacity of the appliance, it is preferred to maximize the available dirt collection area without increasing the volume of the appliance. It will be appreciated that in an alternate embodiment, the spiral inlet 21 that extends for less than a full revolution may be constructed in the side wall of a cyclone bin (see, e.g., FIG. 5).

Internal Screen for a Cyclone Separator

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, an improved internal screen for a cyclone separator 20 is provided, see for example FIG. 4. In this alternative construction, a screen member 28 is preferably constructed from a fine mesh having a square area per opening or a hole of 0.000001 to 0.04 square inches. The screen openings or holes may be round, oval, triangular, square, pentagonal, heptagonal, or hexagonal or the like and are preferably multisided.

Alternately, or in addition, the screen 28 may comprise a central screen 28 a and an outer perimeter screen 28 b that has a longitudinal surface that is parallel to the cyclone outlet. The central screen 28 a extends transversely to extend across the cross section of outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to provide a complete screen surface extending between opposed parts of outer perimeter screen 28 b. Central screen 28 a, which is a transverse member, may be positioned at the lower terminal end 28′ of the outer perimeter screen 28 b (to define a generally square U-shaped screen), towards the upper terminal end 28″ of the outer perimeter screen 28 but below the entrance to the fluid outlet (to define a generally square inverted U-shaped screen), or any position between the two, and preferably proximate the midpoint along the longitudinal length of outer perimeter screen 28 b as exemplified (to define a generally H-shaped screen). It is preferred that the central screen 28 a be positioned between the terminal ends of the outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to form a capture region 29 interior of the outer perimeter screen 28 b to assist in the entrapment of fibers, hairs or particles. Capture region 29 is a cavity interior of the longitudinal surface, namely outer perimeter screen 28 b, that is open to the fluid in the cyclone separator without passing through the screen. It is understood that the cross sectional shape of the screen member 28 may be round, oval, square or any other shape.

As exemplified in FIGS. 2 and 4, the cyclone separator 20 is generally vertically disposed, the outlet is provided in the top of the cyclone chamber, and the screen 28 comprises a longitudinally extending wall 28 b constructed of a screen material (which is preferably circular in cross-section) and a transversely extending central screen 28 a which is positioned interior of the longitudinally extending outer perimeter screen 28 b, extends across the entire cross-section of the interior of the longitudinally extending outer perimeter screen 28 b and between the opposed ends of the longitudinally extending outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to create a shape which is generally H shaped in vertical section. Accordingly, air that has traveled through the cyclone chamber to the bottom of the cyclone casing will travel upwardly through the central portion of the cyclone and, preferably, enter the capture region 29 of the screen 28 (i.e., travel upwardly between the longitudinally extending outer perimeter screen 28 b). The air will encounter central screen 28 a and pass therethrough. If central screen 28 a becomes clogged, then some or all of the air will commence traveling out the lower portion 132 of outer perimeter screen 28 b and may then travel back inwardly through the upper portion 134 of outer perimeter screen 28 b towards the centre of the cyclone chamber at a position above central screen 28 a so as to travel to the cyclone outlet. Accordingly, the use of a generally H shaped screen in vertical section enhances the amount of screen area which may be utilized.

In accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment, the central screen 28 a may be positioned adjacent the bottom of the outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to create a screen, which in vertical section, comprises a generally square U shaped member. Accordingly, the air that is traveling through the cyclone chamber towards the cyclone outlet must travel through the screen material 28 a or 28 b to reach the cyclone outlet 27. In accordance with this embodiment, the air may travel through the central screen 28 a or the outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to reach the cyclone outlet 27 thereby utilizing the enhanced surface area of the screen member 28. Accordingly, fluid may travel back inwardly through the upper portion 134 of outer perimeter screen 28 b towards the centre of the cyclone chamber at a position above central screen 28 a so as to travel to the cyclone outlet.

In a further alternate embodiment, the central screen 28 a may be positioned at the top end of the outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to create in a vertical section a generally square inverted U shaped filter. Accordingly, in order to reach the cyclone outlet, the air may travel upwardly through the capture region 29 interior of outer perimeter screen 28 b to reach the central screen 28 a and to pass therethrough to the outlet 27. Alternately, some of the air may travel through the outer perimeter screen 28 b so as to reach the capture region 29 and to then travel upwardly to the cyclone outlet through the central screen 28 a.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the instant invention, the outer perimeter screen 28 b may flare outwardly in a direction away from the outlet. Accordingly, a portion of the outer perimeter screen 28 b distal to the outlet 27 may have a diameter larger in cross section than the portion of the outer perimeter screen 28 b adjacent to the outlet. One advantage of this design is that material that accumulates in the interior volume of the screen is more likely to fall downwardly to the bottom 31 of the cyclone casing when the air flow through the cyclone chamber is terminated. Accordingly, for example, if the cyclone is utilized as a cleaning stage in the surface cleaning apparatus or an air cleaner, the user may remove the dirt collection chamber of the cyclone bin (e.g. the cyclone casing itself may be removed if the bottom 31 of the cyclone casing defines the dirt collection chamber) permitting the dirt to flow out of the interior volume of the flared screen into the bottom of the cyclone casing. Alternately, if the screen 28 is removable, such as is disclosed herein, then the screen 28 may be removed permitting the dirt that has accumulated in the interior volume (capture region 29) of the flared screen to fall to the bottom 31 of the cyclone casing. Alternately, the screen may be placed over a garbage can and banged against the side to loosen the dirt contained therein and permit the dirt to fall out of the flared capture region 29.

It will be appreciated that transverse central screen 28 a need not be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet conduit 27.

Removable Screen

In accordance with another aspect of the instant invention, which may be used individually or with any other aspect and, preferably, the screen construction disclosed herein, a cyclone separator 20 is provided with a screen 28 that covers all or a portion of the outlet 27 from the cyclone chamber and which is removable and, optionally, replacable. In accordance with this alternate preferred embodiment, the screen 28 is configured so as to be removable through or with the fluid outlet 27 of the cyclone chamber. For example, as exemplified in FIG. 4, cyclone separator 20 has an outlet conduit 27 that extends partially into the cyclone chamber and has a screen 28 attached or associated therewith. The screen may have the same diameter as the outlet conduit 27 or slightly less so as to be removable therethrough, or may be larger and removable with the outlet 27. The outlet conduit 27 may be removably mounted to the cyclone casing, such as by a screw or bayonet mount. Accordingly, a user may remove the outlet 27, and the screen 28 attached hereto by rotating the outlet conduit 27 and longitudinally withdrawing the outlet conduit 27 upwardly from the cyclone separator 20. Accordingly, one advantage of this embodiment is that the screen is removably mounted in the cyclone chamber and may be easily removed to permit the cleaning of the screen. In particular, it is not necessary for a user to reach into a cyclone chamber so as to remove the screen or to clean elongate material, such as hair and other fibrous material, from the screen while the screen is mounted in the cyclone chamber.

A further advantage of the instant invention is that outlet conduit 27 may function as a handle for the screen. For example, if the outlet conduit 27 extends above the top of the cyclone separator 20, the user may grasp the upper end of outlet conduit 27 and use that as a handle. Accordingly, the user need not touch the screen. Instead, the screen may be cleaned, by means of a brush and/or washing the screen under water. Once clean, the screen may be reinserted into the cyclone chamber without the user touching the screen. It will be appreciated that other means known in the art to secure the outlet conduit 27 and the cyclone separator 20 together may be utilized.

In addition, it will be appreciated that if the screen 28 has a larger diameter than the outlet conduit 27, then the wall of the cyclone casing in which the outlet conduit 27 is provided will have a removable annular band 30 wherein the diameter of the removable annular band 30 is greater than the diameter of the screen 28. Accordingly, when the annular band 30 is removed, an opening is provided in the outer wall 30 a of the casing, which is sized to allow the passage therethrough of the screen 28 (see for example FIGS. 2 a and 17). Preferably, the annular band 30 forms a one piece assembly with the outlet conduit 27 and may be integrally molded therewith. Accordingly, only a single element needs to be removed from the cyclone casing in order to remove the screen for cleaning. Annular band 30 may be lockingly affixed to outer wall 30 a by any means known in the art, such as by a bayonet mount, a screw mount, magnets or locking tabs.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2 a, the first cyclonic cleaning stage includes a down flow conduit 14. Down flow conduit 14 is collinear with the fluid outlet 27, extends through the cyclone chamber 53 and has an upper portion 19 positioned above the top of the cyclone separator 20. Accordingly, in this alternate embodiment, the down flow conduit 14 has an upper end 19 that forms the handle for the unit that is removed. As exemplified in FIG. 2 a, a user may grasp end 19 and, e.g., rotate conduit 14 to unlock tab 148 from a recess, not shown, and then pull upwardly such that screen 28 is removed leaning an opening 144 in the top of the cyclone, through which dirt in the cyclone chamber 53 may be emptied.

If a second stage cyclonic stage 8 is mounted on top of the first cyclonic cleaning stage 7, and the second cyclonic cleaning stage includes a down flow tube 138, then the second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 is first removed. It will be appreciated that end 19 may have a gasket or O-ring 18 to seal down flow tube 138 of the second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 and the upper end 18 of down flow conduit 14 of the first cyclonic cleaning stage 7.

In accordance with an alternate embodiment, it will be appreciated that the screen 28 may be permanently adhered to a screen mount (e.g. it may surround the outlet conduit 27 of a cyclone chamber and be disposable therewith). It will be appreciated that as used herein, a screen 28 comprises a material that preferably has a generally open pore size, which is selected to permit the passage therethrough of finer dirt material but to prevent the passage therethrough of elongate material. Accordingly, the screen does not filter particulate matter and does not substantially affect the back pressure of the air traveling therethrough when the screen is clean.

It will be appreciated that the cyclone outlet 27 may be provided at different positions in the cyclone casing and that the orientation of the screen in accordance with these embodiments may be accordingly adjusted so as to cover the outlet 27. Further, transverse central screen 28 a need not be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet conduit 27.

Referring to FIGS. 22 and 23, another example of a cyclonic cleaning unit comprises a cyclone bin 200 that can be used in combination with a surface cleaning apparatus includes a cyclonic cleaning stage 202 and a dirt collection chamber 204. The cyclonic cleaning stage 202 includes a cyclone separator comprising a cyclone chamber 206 having a dirty air inlet 208 for receiving a particle laden fluid stream, represented by arrow 210, and an air outlet 212. Dirt particles separated from the particle laden fluid stream 210 may exit the cyclone separator through a dirt outlet 214, and are contained in the dirt collection chamber 204. The cyclone bin 200 comprises a longitudinal axis 201.

In the illustrated example, the dirt outlet 214 comprises a slit 216 formed between the sidewall 218 of the cyclone chamber 206 and a plate 220 that forms the floor 220 a of the cyclone chamber 206. In the illustrated example, the plate 220 is supported above the floor 222 of the dirt collection chamber 204 on support member 224. Optionally, the floor 222 of the dirt collection chamber 204 can be openable to allow dirt to be emptied from the chamber 204. Preferably, the floor 222 is pivotally connected to the dirt collection chamber 204, by hinges 226, and can be rotated to an open position (FIG. 26). The floor 222 can be held in the closed position by a releasable latch 230, or other suitable closure mechanism. The plate 220 is movable with the floor 222 to allow dirt retained in the cyclone separator 206 to be emptied when the dirt collection bin 204 is opened.

The air outlet 212 of the cyclone chamber 206 comprises a vortex finder or conduit 232 that is in airflow communication with, preferably, a pair of external outlet conduits 234. Referring also to FIGS. 24 and 25, in the illustrated example, the vortex finder 232 and outlet ducts 234 are in airflow communication by an air outlet chamber 236 that is located between an upper wall 237 of the cyclone chamber 206 and the lid 238 of the cyclone bin 200. The air outlet ducts 234 are in fluid communication with the suction motor (for example a fluid flow motor) provided downstream from the cyclone bin 200.

The vortex finder 232 is surrounded by an optional screen 240. The screen 240 may help prevent elongate particles such as hair and other debris from exiting the vortex chamber 206 via the air outlet 212.

Referring to FIGS. 24-26, the lid 238 of the cyclone bin 200 is openable to allow a user to remove the vortex finder 232 and optionally the screen 240. Optionally, the screen 240 and vortex finder 232 can be removable as a single unit. Alternatively, the vortex finder 232 can be separately removable. In the illustrated example, the lid 238 is hinged and can pivot open to allow access to the removable of the vortex finder 232 and the screen 240. Alternatively, the lid 238 can be detachable.

In the illustrated example, the vortex finder 232 and screen 240 have generally round cross sectional shapes, and are received in a corresponding round aperture 242 in the upper wall 237 of the cyclone chamber 206. An annular rim 244 may be used to connect the upper ends of the vortex finder 232 and the screen 240. When the vortex finder 232 and screen 240 are positioned in cyclone chamber 206, the rim 244 may be positioned above, and preferably rests on the upper wall 237, and the vortex finder 232 and screen 240 are suspended from the rim 244. A gasket or other sealing member may be provided between the rim 244 and the upper wall 237 to help seal the rim 244 against the upper wall 237.

Optionally, the lid 238 can include at least one or more engagement member that can secure the vortex finder 232 and screen 240 in position when the lid 238 is closed. In the illustrated example, the engagement members comprises four securing legs 246 extending from the inner surface 248 of the lid 238. When the lid 238 is closed, the securing legs 246 rest on the rim 244 and press the rim 244 against the upper wall 237. Providing securing legs 246 to hold the rim 244 in place may eliminate the need to use additional fasteners or attachment members to hold the vortex finder 232 and screen 240 in position. The legs 246 are spaced apart from each other around the perimeter of the rim 244. Spacing the legs 246 apart from each other may help to provide a distributed holding force and may help facilitate airflow from the vortex finder 232 to the outlet conduits 234. Optionally, a different number of legs 236, other type of holding structure, including for example a curved wall or a bayonet mount, or other type of fastening members can be used to hold the vortex finder 232 and screen 228 in place.

In the illustrated example, the screen 240 and vortex finder 232 can be received in the aperture 242 in a plurality of rotational alignment positions, and need not be oriented in a predetermined direction or alignment relative to the upper wall 237 of the cyclone chamber 206.

Optionally, some or all of the upper wall 237 of the cyclone chamber 206 can be removable with the vortex finder 232 and screen 240. Removing a portion of the upper wall 237 may allow a user to access the interior of the cyclone chamber 206. Optionally, the removable portion of the upper wall 237 can be an annular band that surrounds the vortex finder 232 and screen 240.

Removing some or all of the upper wall 237 while the floor 222 is open may allow simultaneous access to both ends of the cyclone bin 200, which may help a user to clean the interior of the cyclone bin 200.

Geometry for a Cyclone Separator

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, an improved configuration for a cyclone separator 20 is provided, see for example FIG. 6. In accordance with this embodiment, different geometries of cyclone separators 20 are provided. In particular, it is preferred that the geometry of a cyclone separator 20 is selected based on the size of cyclone separator 20. According, it is preferred that for cyclone separators 20 that are greater than 1 inches in internal diameter (D), the geometry of the cyclone is as follows:

the inlet width (W) is preferably between D/3 and D/5,

the inlet height (H) is preferably between 2 W to 5 W, and

the height (h) above the floor or bottom 31 of the cyclone separator 20 is preferably greater than 2H, more preferably more than 4H and most preferably more than 8H.

If an optional plate 32 is employed, then:

the height (h) above the plate 32 is preferably greater than 2H, more preferably more than 4H and most preferably more than 8H;

the height (i) below the plate 32 is preferably greater than 1H, more preferably more than 2H and most preferably more than 4H; and,

the gap between the peripheral wall of plate 32 and the inner surface of

the wall of the cyclone separator 20 is preferably 0.025″ to 0.075″, more preferably 0.035″ to 0.050″, and most preferably 0.040″.

Alternately, it is preferred that for cyclone separators 20 that are equal to or smaller than 1 inch in internal diameter (D), the geometry of the cyclone is as follows:

the inlet width (W) is preferably between D/5 and D/15 and more preferably D/8 to D/12;

the inlet height (H) is preferably between 2 W to 5 W and preferably 3 W to 4 W; and,

the height (h) above the floor or bottom 31 of the cyclone separator 20 is preferably greater than 2H, more preferably more than 4H and most preferably more than 8H.

If an optional plate 32 is employed, then:

the height (h) above the plate 32 is preferably greater than 2H, more preferably more than 4H and most preferably more than 8H;

the height (i) below the plate 32 is preferably greater than 1H, more preferably more than 2H and most preferably more than 4H; and,

the gap between the peripheral wall of plate 32 and the inner surface of the wall of the cyclone separator 20 is preferably 1 W to W/10, more preferably W/1.5 to W/4 and most preferably W/2 to W/3.

It is understood that for cyclones separators 20 between 0.75″ and 1.5 inches in diameter, good but not optimal performance can be achieved by applying the parameters for cyclone separators 20 smaller or larger than 1 inch in diameter.

Configuration of a Divider Plate for Cyclone Separators

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, improved configurations for a plate 32 that is included in a cyclone separator 20 to divide the interior of a cyclone separator 20 into a cyclonic region or cyclone chamber 53 and a dirt collection region or chamber are provided, see for example FIG. 6 a. As illustrated therein, plate 32 has an upper or cyclone chamber surface 32 a, a lower or dirt collection chamber surface 32 b and a peripheral wall 32 c. Each of these different configurations beneficially assist in capturing different particle sizes. For example, the peripheral wall 32 c of plate 33 is flat (i.e. it may extend generally vertically). Plate 33 is preferred for use in a cyclone separator 20 to capture general particles found in carpets and homes where the particle size is 3 or more microns. Alternately, the peripheral wall 32 c may meet upper and/or lower surfaces 32 a, 32 b at an angle. See for example plates 34, 35 and 36. As shown, plate 35 comprises an upper portion and a lower portion that intersect at an intermediate location along the thickness of the plate so as to define a sharp edge (e.g. it is generally V shaped). As the size of the particles decreases, plates 33, 34 and 35 are more effective in that the discontinuity at the outer perimeter improves ultra fine particle separation. Alternately, the peripheral edge may be curved (e.g. it may bow out in the centre so as to be generally C shaped as shown in plate 37). When the specific gravity of the particles being removed from the fluid stream is similar to the specific gravity of the fluid, curved surfaces such as 37, 38, 39, 40, and 41 tend to provide more efficient separation.

It has also been found that for mixtures including a wide range of particle specific gravities, creating regular or irregular, symmetrical or non-symmetrical curves or angled discontinuous surfaces on the upper surface 32 a of the plate 32, i.e. the face disposed towards the cyclone chamber, can enhance separation efficiency. Examples are shown in FIGS. 6 b and 6 c. In the example of FIG. 6 b, a discontinuity 42 a curves upwardly from upper surface 32 a and a discontinuity 42 b curves downwardly into upper surface 32 a. In the example of FIG. 6 c, a discontinuity 43 a is angled upwardly from upper surface 32 a and a discontinuity 42 b is angled downwardly into upper surface 32 a.

While plate 32 may be mounted transverse to the longitudinal axis of a cyclone separator 20 (e.g., if cyclone separator extends vertically, plate 32 extends horizontally), it will be appreciated that in an alternate embodiment that plate 32 may be other than in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of a cyclone separator 20. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 d, the plate 44 is mounted on an angle relative to the wall 45 of the cyclone separator 20. It is understood that the cyclone separator wall 45 may optionally be curved or angled towards the top or towards the bottom of the cyclone separator 20.

In accordance with a further alternate embodiment of the instant invention, the plate 32, which may be of any particular configuration and/or one of the configurations disclosed herein, may be positioned so as to define an annular gap between the peripheral wall of the plate 32 c and the inner surface of wall 45 of the cyclone casing that is not uniform in thickness. For example, the plate 32 may be closer to the wall 45, or may touch the wall 45, at one or more locations or along in an arc of the wall 45. Alternately, or in addition, the plate 32 may be angled, as shown in FIG. 6 d, such that one end is at an elevated distance above the bottom 31 of the cyclone casing compared to an opposed end. Accordingly, if the plate 32 is circular and centrally positioned, the annular gap at the raised end and the lower end will be larger than at the central portion that is not vertically displaced. Alternately, the plate 32 may be angled upwardly from adjacent one arc of wall 45. Alternately, or in addition, it will be appreciated that the plate need not be circular in cross section. Instead, the plate may have an irregular outer surface so as to provide variation in the gap between the peripheral wall 32 c of the plate and the inner surface of wall 45 of the cyclone casing.

It will be appreciated that in one embodiment, the plate 32 may be secured to the bottom 31 of a cyclone casing. Alternately, the plate 32 may be attached to inner surface 56 of the wall 45 of the cyclone casing (see for example FIGS. 6 g and 6 h).

In an alternate embodiment, instead of a plate 32, the central portion e.g., 27 e of FIGS. 7 d and 55 of FIG. 7, of the bottom 31 of the cyclone casing may be raised inwardly so as to define a plateau. The raised floor 55 may have a continuous wall, e.g., 27 b of FIG. 7 d, which extends downwardly adjacent the periphery of the raised floor 27 e so as to define a side wall, which may be generally vertical, and which extends upwardly from the floor 52 a of the cyclone bin to the raised floor 27 e. Alternately, the side wall 27 b may be recessed underneath the raised floor. The side wall may have any of the configurations referred to above for the peripheral edge 32 c of a plate 32. In addition, the raised floor a may be circular in cross section. However, the cross section of the floor may be varied so as to define a variable annular gap between the side wall and the inner surface 56 of the wall 45 of the cyclone casing.

Positioning of a Divider Plate for Cyclone Separators

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, a passage, all or a portion of which extends outwardly, is preferably provided for connecting the cyclone chamber 53 in communication with the dirt collection chamber 52. Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 e, the cyclone chamber includes a fluid outlet 27, which has a lower end that may comprise an entrance 27 a to the fluid outlet 27, which is positioned above plate 32. The entrance to fluid inlet 27 may be covered by a screen, such as screen 28. The gap between plate 32, and the lower extent of fluid outlet 27, or screen 28 if provided, may be greater than 0.5″, preferably greater than 1″ and, more preferably greater than 2″. In any such embodiment, the lower extent of fluid outlet 27 is preferably positioned below the bottom of cyclone inlet 21. The passage defines a vertical annular gap that has a height that may be less than 2″ and, preferably less than 1″. In any embodiment, the height may be less than ⅓, preferably less than ⅙, more preferably less than 1/10 and, most preferably less than 1/20 the diameter of the cyclone immediately below the bottom of the cyclone inlet 21.

It will be appreciated that the passage may be produced in several ways. For example, the outer circumference of the cyclone casing may be increased proximate to the height of the raised floor so as to create an outer annular region which functions as a dirt collection chamber. An example of such a construction is shown in FIG. 7 wherein a passage 61 having a vertical annular gap g and a length RO is positioned between the raised bottom wall 55 and the laterally extending wall 59 b of the cyclone separator 20. In this embodiment the plate (raised floor 55) is formed by a step in the floor 59 a of the cyclone separator 20.

An alternative construction is shown in FIG. 7 a wherein the passage 61 having the vertical annular gap g is formed between the plate 54 and the wall 59 b of the cyclone separator 20. The plate may be a molded or formed part and the gap (g) is formed between the plate 54 and the wall 59 b of the cyclone separator 20 wherein plate 54 may be affixed to the wall 57 a by support arms 58 extending inwardly from wall 57 a or affixed to an optional screen member (not shown) which would be affixed or removably affixed to or mounted to, e.g., wall 57 a, wall 45, the top of the cyclone, or a combination thereof. The plate 54 may optionally be held in place by magnets or other means described elsewhere herein.

Another alternative construction is shown in FIG. 7 b wherein the passage 61 having a vertical annular gap g is formed between the raised bottom 55 and the wall 59 b of the cyclone separator 20. A particle collection region 62 is formed in the annular space between the wall 59 and the wall 60. One advantage of this design is that the cyclone may be oriented with its longitudinal axis extending horizontally so that particulate matter may accumulate in collection region 62.

Another alternative construction for a plate 32 is shown in FIG. 7 c wherein the passage 61 having a vertical annular gap g is formed between the plate 63 and the airflow redirector ring 64 of the cyclone separator 20. In this embodiment the plate comprises a disc attached, e.g., to the cyclone separator floor 59 of the cyclone separator 20. A particle collection region is marked 66. The airflow redirector ring creates and angle (A) with the wall 65 of, preferably, between 15° to 75° and, more preferably, 30° to 60° and most preferably 40° to 50°. It is understood that the airflow redirector ring 64 can take different geometries including those illustrated as 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 or 72.

Another alternative construction for a cyclone and dirt collection region is shown in FIG. 7 d wherein the air exits from the end of the cyclone opposed to the end of the cyclone separator 20 having inlet 21. If the cyclone separator is vertically aligned, then the air enters the cyclone through an inlet air inlet 21 that is located on the top of the cyclone separator 20. The cyclonic circulation 23 causes at least a portion of the particles 24 within the particle laden fluid stream 22 to become removed and trapped within the collection region 66 a of the cyclone separator 20. The fluid stream 26 which exits the cyclone through the outlet or entrance 27 a to down flow tube 27 c located in the bottom of the cyclone separator 20 at the end opposite to the inlet 21. Thus, a portion of the particles 24 originally entrained in the particle laden fluid 21 are removed. In this embodiment, the air travels down flow director 64 a and then travel downwardly towards laterally extending wall 27 e. The air then travels outwardly in the passage 61 between flow director 64 a and lateral wall 27 e that has a vertical annular gap g2.

The passage may have a height that is less than ⅓ the diameter, preferably, less than ⅙ the diameter, more preferably less than 1/10 the diameter and most preferably less than 1/20 the diameter. Accordingly, the height may be 2 inches or less and preferably 1 inch or less. In a particularly preferred embodiment, preferably, the height of the gap (g) is 0.015″ to 0.250″ for cyclones larger than 1 inch in diameter D, especially for use in vacuum cleaners. A radial overlap (RO) that defines the length of the passage 61 is defined by the overlap of the raised bottom floor or plate and the outwardly extending portion 59 b of wall 59 of the cyclone separator and/or the flow director. Preferably, this radial overlap is 0.015″ to 0.250″ for cyclones larger than 1 inch in diameter D.

Preferably, the height of the gap (g) is 0.002″ to 0.040″ for cyclones smaller than 1 inch in diameter D, and raised bottom floor 55 extends outwardly to extend slightly underneath the lower portion 59 b of wall 59. More preferably the radial overlap between the lower portion 59 b of wall 59 and the outer radial edge of the raised floor 55 is 0.005″ to 0.125″ for cyclones equal to or smaller than smaller than 1 inch in diameter D. In an alternate embodiment exemplified in FIG. 7 d, it has been found that the gap g2 is preferably 0.025″ to 0.075″ for cyclones greater than one inch in diameter D for collecting particles between 4 and 100 microns in size. It has been found that the gap g2 is preferably 0.025″ to 0.075″ for cyclones greater than one inch in diameter D for collecting particles between 4 and 100 microns in size. It has been found that the gap g2 is preferably 0.005″ to 0.040″ for cyclones smaller greater than one inch in diameter D for collecting particles between 0.1 and 10 microns in size, and more preferably 0.015″ to 0.025″.

It is also understood that the dimensions of the gap (g) and the radial overlap may be varied around the perimeter of the raised bottom wall 55 to create conditions which are optimal for the collection of a band of particle sizes or particle densities.

The distance between the floor of the dirt collection region and the bottom of flow director 64 a is preferably not less than the height of the inlet H2 and the height of section 27 c is preferably greater than 2H, more preferably 4H and most preferably greater than 8H and the gap g3 between the bottom of the inlet 21 and the top of the down flow tube section 27 c is preferably 0.5H2 to 1.5H2, and more preferably approximately 0.9H2. The internal area of the down flow tube 27 c is preferably at least equal to the area of the spiral inlet 21 and more preferably is 1.5 to 2.5 times larger than the area of the spiral inlet 21. This cyclone design may optionally incorporate an airflow redirector 64 a, which may be shaped as 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 or 72 or any similar shape, which creates a barrier to the re-entrainment of particles 24 captured in the region 66 a.

The height of the gap (g2) is preferably 0.002″ to 0.040″ for cyclones smaller than 1 inch in diameter D, and the radial overlap RO2 between the airflow redirector ring 64 a and the edge of the down flow tube 27 b is preferably 0.005″ to 0.125″ for cyclones equal to or smaller than smaller than 1 inch in diameter D. It is also understood that the dimensions of the gap (g2) and the radial overlap (RO2) may be varied around the perimeter of the down flow tube 27 b to create conditions which are optimal for the collection of a band of particle sizes or particle densities.

In alternate embodiments, a cyclone separator 20 having a passage 61 may be used as a particle filter in the outlet conduit from a combustion chamber, preferably downstream from the outlet of a wood stove, a furnace, a car engine and a producer gas unit (partial oxidation reactor).

Moveable Divider Plates for a Cyclone Separator

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, it is understood that plate 32 may be permanently, removably, translatably or pivotally affixed in cyclone separator 20, such as by being permanently, removably, translatably or pivotally affixed to screen 28 or side wall 45.

The plate 32 may be held in position by means of magnets and or magnets may be used to assist in particle capture. For example, the plate 32 may have one or more magnets provided thereon and positioning magnets may be provided over and/or below the plate 32 wherein the faces of the positioning magnets that face the plate 32 have the same polarity as the faces of the magnet or magnets on plate 32 which are spaced from but facing the positioning magnets. Accordingly, the plate 32 may be held in place by magnetic repulsion. Alternately, it will be appreciated that the plate may be held in position by magnetic attraction.

FIG. 6 e exemplifies a construction wherein a plate magnet 46 is affixed to or embedded within the plate 47 and is magnetically suspended between the positioning magnets 48 and 49 by means of magnetic repulsion. The magnet 49 may be affixed to or embedded within the floor 50 of the cyclone separator 20. One advantage of this construction is that the magnets 46, 47, 48 and 49 create a magnetic field within the cyclone chamber to enhance the collection of magnetic and paramagnetic particles.

If the floor 50 is removable or moveable (e.g. pivotally mounted such as by pivot hinge 50 a as shown in FIG. 2 a), then when dirt collection chamber 52 is opened (e.g. floor is pivoted open), the plate 47 could be removed (e.g., if it is not attached by any means to the cyclone separator it would fall out) or if it is mechanically retained (not shown) it could be translated some distance either vertically, laterally, or both to facilitate the removal of particles collected both in the cyclone chamber 51 above plate 47 and in the dirt collection region 52 below plate 47.

Similarly, if upper positioning magnet 48 is associated with a screen (not shown), such as by being affixed thereto or embedded therein, and the screen is removed through or with the outlet 27, plate 47 could be removed or if it is mechanically retained (not shown) it could be translated some distance either vertically, laterally, or both to facilitate the remove of particles collected both in the main collection region 51 and in the dirt collection region 52. Alternately, plate 32 may be moveable when a door, e.g., a bottom opening door 50, is pivoted open about, e.g. pivot hinges 50 a. Accordingly, plate 32 may be secured to inner surface 56 of wall 45 of the dirt collection chamber 52 by any means known in the art, such as by a pivot hinge 158 (see for example FIGS. 6 g and 6 h). Plate 32 may be supported in a generally horizontal, or other desired, position by a column 160 extending upwardly from door 50. When door 50 is opened, such as by pushing button to move lever 164 outwardly and release the engagement of flange 166, and which may be by any means known in the art, plate 132 may pivot down, e.g., to a position generally parallel to or, as exemplified, inclined with respect to the axis of the cyclone separator.

It is understood that the plate 47 may be any type of plate including but not limited to those described in FIGS. 6, 6 a, 6 b, 6 c and 6 d. It is also understood that this configuration may be employed with any top inlet or a side wall inlet cyclone geometry. It is understood that magnetic attraction to another magnet or to a magnetically permeable material such as steel may also be used to movably or removably fix the plate 47 in position. It is also understood that a single positioning magnet may be used to produce a repulsive or attractive force to force the plate 47 against a fixed, movable or removable stop thereby permanently, movably or removably fixing the plate into position. An advantage of magnetic mounting is that the translation of the plate 47 to facilitate the removal of trapped particles makes cleaning such a unit much easier.

Magnetic Separation

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, one or more magnets may be provided in an air flow passage so as to assist in attracting and retaining metallic and paramagnetic particles. For example, one or more magnets may be provided adjacent the inlet or outlet, or inside the inlet or outlet, of a cyclone. Alternately, or in addition, it will be appreciated that one or more magnets may be provided at any desired location inside a cyclone chamber, or exterior to a cyclone chamber or air flow passage, provided that the magnetic field extends inside the cyclone chamber or air flow passage.

In accordance with another embodiment of the instant invention, one or more magnets may be removably attached to the plate 47, the cyclone separator 20 and/or an air flow passage. When the magnet is removed, magnetic particles that have accumulated may fall off any surface to which they are adhered by magnetic force and/or may be removed by mechanical means. Accordingly, removal of the magnet assists in cleaning the cyclone separator.

For example, as exemplified in FIG. 6 f, a cyclone separator 20 has a magnet 49 a affixed to the floor 50, and optionally to the wall, (not shown) to assist in the collection of metallic and magnetic particles wherein the magnet 49 a can be translated away from or removed from the floor 50 thereby eliminating the magnetic influence and allowing the particles captured in the cyclone separator 20 to be easily removed by either removing the floor 50 or by removing the inlet/outlet elements and pouring the contents of the cyclone.

Cyclone Separator Arrays

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, an array of cyclones is provided. Referring to FIG. 8 a plurality of parallel cyclones 73 is provided, which may be of any construction know in the art or described elsewhere in this specification, and preferably are designed and configured to create a high separation efficiency and a high airflow rate with a minimum back-pressure. Preferably, the array comprises a large number of cyclones 73 in parallel. In particular, the array may comprises more than 1 cyclone per square inch, preferably more than 4 cyclones per square inch, more preferably 9 or more cyclones per square inch such that high airflow rates and high separation efficiencies for very small particles can be achieved. If the array is designed to separate particles smaller than 1 micron, the use of cyclone densities of 9 to 64 cyclones per square inch is preferred. Such arrays may be useful as a pre and/or post motor filter in a vacuum cleaner or in a breathing mask. For example, such an array may be positioned in the pre-motor area 16 (see FIG. 2).

Alternately, or in addition, an array of cyclones may be of various constructions to increase the compactness of the cyclone array or to increase the efficiency of the cyclone array. As exemplified in the embodiment of FIG. 8 a, the construction of a cyclone array may employ a common wall between some and preferably all of the cyclones as shown in FIG. 8 a where three cyclones 74, 75 and 76 within the array 73 are shown with a portion of their walls overlapping in areas 77 and 78 to allow a very compact geometry. Alternately, or in addition, the construction of a cyclone array 73 can employ a touching wall between some, and preferably all, of the cyclones. An example is shown in FIG. 8 b where three cyclones 79, 80 and 81 are positioned with their walls touching at positions 82 and 83, which creates a stronger construction with fewer cyclones. Alternately, or in addition, the construction of a cyclone array 73 may employ spaced apart cyclone walls as shown in FIG. 8 c where the cyclones 84, 85, 86, 87, and 88 are spaced apart which makes them easier to mold. An advantage of spacing the cyclones apart is that the space between the cyclones 84, 85, 86, 87, and 88 may form a region 89 where further particle collection can occur as the air travels (e.g., “spins”) to enter the cyclonic inlets of each individual cyclone (e.g., if a manifold is provided which covers all of the cyclone inlets) as opposed to each inlet being connected directly to a fluid flow conduit. If the common floor 90 between the cyclones 84, 85 and the others from FIG. 8 is moved to the bottom of the cyclones 91, the capacity of the annular space 89 for the collection of fine particles will be increased. Preferably, the cyclone arrays described in FIGS. 8, 8 a, 8 b, 8 c and 8 d are constructed using one or more of the configurations described in FIGS. 7, 7 a, 7 b, 7 c, and 7 d.

If an array of cyclones is provided, then the cyclones are preferably cleaned by passing water therethrough. Accordingly, at least one water port may be provided to permit water to enter or exit the cyclone array. For example, as shown in FIG. 16, water inlet port 114 may be provided with a closable cap, or other closure member, 116. Water inlet port 114 is preferably provided on top surface 108 and is in communication with the fluid flow passage leading to the cyclones (e.g., the dirty air flow passage in a vacuum cleaner extending to the cyclone inlets). The inlets preferably are downstream from a header 130 and the water inlet port 114 is provided in the header. When cap 116 is open, a user may pour water into port 114. The water will flow through a passage to the cyclones. The user may then use handle 118 to move away, e.g., in a swirling motion. Thereafter, the water may be drained, e.g., by pushing button 122 that moves lever outwardly so that bottom door 120 pivots open to permit water and suspended dirt to be removed by passing downwardly out of bottom of stage cyclones 9 (see for example FIG. 20).

In accordance with this aspect, a plurality of cyclones in parallel may be provided wherein the cyclones have at least two dirt collection chambers, wherein the at least two dirt collection chambers are emptied at the same time. For example, the dirt collection chambers may have a common bottom 120 that is openable. Preferably, as exemplified in FIG. 20, each cyclone has a dirt collection chamber and all of the dirt collections chambers have a single common door so that, by opening a single door, all of the chambers are emptied at the same time. For example, in the embodiment of any of FIGS. 9, 9 a, 10, 11, 11 a, 12, 13, 14, the bottom 120 (not shown) may be pivotally mounted to peripheral wall 92 such that all cyclones are emptied concurrently.

The surface cleaning apparatus may have two cleaning stages wherein one of the stages, preferably the second, comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel. The other cleaning stage, preferably the first cleaning stage may be any filtration or dirt collection member known in the art. It will be appreciated that, in another aspect, the surface cleaning apparatus may have only one cyclonic cleaning stage comprising a plurality of cyclones in parallel wherein the plurality of cyclones are removable as a unit, preferably with the associated dirt collection chamber or chambers.

In accordance with this aspect, it is preferred that two cyclonic stages are provided wherein at least one comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel and the stages are emptied separately. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, second cyclonic cleaning stage 8, which comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel, may be removed from vacuum cleaner 1 while the first stage cyclone 7 is retained in position in vacuum cleaner 1. The second cyclonic cleaning stage may be slidably mounted on flanges 126 that are received in L-shaped members 128 that are provided on the bottom panel of the stage 8, which is preferably a pivoting door 120. Accordingly, when second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 is removed, e.g., slide in the direction of arrow A, it may be carried to a garbage can, button 122 pressed and door 120 opened so that the second stage cyclones 9 may be emptied. Any locking member known in the art may be used to secure second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 in position on the vacuum cleaner and to connect the cyclone array 156 in air flow communication with the respective passages in the surface cleaning apparatus. For example, the cyclone array may be sealed in position by means of angled seals, a lifter mechanism or other sealing means known in the art. It will be appreciated that this design may be used if the vacuum cleaner only has one cyclonic cleaning stage.

Alternately, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, first and second cyclonic stages 7, 8 may be removed at the same time from the vacuum cleaner 1. Cyclonic stage 7 may then be emptied, e.g., by opening a bottom pivoting door 50. The cyclonic stages 7, 8 may first, or subsequently, be separated, such as by rotating cyclonic stage 8 relative to cyclonic stage 7 in the direction of arrow B as shown in FIG. 19. The second stage 8 may then be emptied. It will be appreciated that stages 7 and 9 may be emptied in any particular manner known in the art, such as by a bottom pivoting door or the dirt collection chamber being removed from the cyclone chamber.

In accordance with this aspect of the invention, it is preferred that the cyclone array is removed as a sealed unit, other than the other than fluid flow passages leading to and from the cyclones. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, air that exits the first stage cyclone 7 travels upwardly from outlet 27, through opening 150 in bottom 120 to one or more openings 148 in the bottom of second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 (See FIG. 20) that are upstream of header 130 and are connected thereto by a conduit. The air travels through the cyclones 9 and exits second cyclones 9 via outlets 13 to header 136 and then to down flow tube 138, which is upstream of conduit 14 and exits second cyclonic stage 8 via opening 152 in bottom 120. Thus, when second stage 8 is removed from the vacuum cleaner and/or the first stage, second stage 8 is sealed, other then the one or more openings in the bottom of second cyclonic cleaning stage 8 and the bottom 140 of down flow tube 138. The array may have a filter that is removable therewith.

Another removal method is exemplified in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 20 and 21, wherein housing 154 of second cyclonic stage 8 is pivotally mounted to bottom 120 and, when opened, cyclone array 156 may be pulled downwardly out of housing 154 for emptying. Alternately, it will be appreciated that the top of housing 154 may pivot upwardly or otherwise open to permit cyclone array 156 to be pulled upwardly out of housing 154. It will be appreciated that, if the cyclone array 156 is preferably a sealed unit, then a bottom opening panel, with holes aligned with conduits 138 and 146, may be provided. In an alternate embodiment, the housing 154 may pivot upwardly leaving cyclone array 156 in position on top of the first stage cyclone 7 (or other filtration member or housing member). A consumer may then pick up cyclone array 156, such as by a handle, and remove it for emptying. It will be appreciated that this design may be used if the vacuum cleaner only has one cyclonic cleaning stage.

Transfer of Material Between Cyclone Stages

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, a plurality of cyclones are configured such that material that is disentrained by one cyclone is conveyed to another cyclone by introducing the separated material into the fluid flow stream that travels to the other cyclone. An example of such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 15. As shown therein, a fluid flow duct 1501 branches into ducts 1502 and 1503, which in turn lead to cyclones 1504 and 1505. The fluid flowing within duct 1501 continuously or periodically contains one or more types of particles or other materials 1512 which are desired to be removed from the fluid flow stream. The cyclone separators 1504 or 1505, may be any cyclone separators or combination of cyclone separators known in the art, or any individual cyclone design or combination of cyclones described within this specification including but not limited to top inlet cyclones, side wall inlet cyclones, bottom inlet inverted cyclones and cyclones with plates. Optionally, the particles 1512 collected in the cyclone separator 1504 are continuously or periodically transferred into the ducts 1501 and/or 1503 by means 1514 so that over time most of the particles are collected in cyclone 1505 other than those which pass to an optional particle separation member 1510 due to the efficiency limitations of cyclones 1505 and 1504. Optionally, the air outlet 1506 from cyclone 1504 passes through duct 1507 to the optional particle separation member 1510, which is adjacent to the suction source 1511.

One advantage of this configuration is that, when used, e.g., in a vacuum cleaner, the transfer of particles from cyclone 1504 to cyclone 1505 allows the user to empty a single container, which simplifies emptying the vacuum cleaner.

In an alternate embodiment, material collected may be conveyed to container 1513. This container 1513 may be reusable or disposable, made of one or more organic or inorganic polymers, rubber, plastic, paper, cardboard, glass or metal, or any combination thereof, and be in the form of a bag, box, bottle, jar, bin or any other closed or semi closed form for easy disposal of the particles or transfer of the particles for other uses or operations. Accordingly, an advantage of this alternate embodiment is that a single automated mechanism may be used to continuously or periodically transfer the collected particles 1512 into a container 1513 as controlled by particle transfer means 1515.

It is understood that the container 1513 could optionally be fully or partially closed or sealed by the action of the user or optionally be automatically partially or fully closed or sealed by the mechanism of the system when the user initiates or carries out the release or removal of the container 1513. The container 1513 is preferably designed to contain most or all of the particles 1512.

It is understood that the container 1513 or a portion of the container 1513 need not be gas or liquid tight but that it may be porous or contain a porous area or member which may optionally facilitate the entry and or exit of fluids, to optionally facilitate the disinfection of the container 1513 and/or its contents by the use of chlorine gas, ozone gas, pure oxygen or other agents, to optionally facilitate the compacting of the container 1513 and/or its contents by allowing gases to escape, and/or facilitates the container 1513 and/or its contents to biodegrade.

The particle transfer means 1514 may consist of a door mechanism which periodically opens to allow the particles to fall into a region from which the particles 1512 are drawn into ducts 1501 and/or 1503, during which time the suction source 1511 may either be turned off or its influence on cyclone separator 1504 interrupted such as by a valve 1516. The particle transfer means 1514 may alternately comprise a rotating member similar to a revolving door disposed vertically, horizontally, or at any angle which continuously or periodically transfers particles 1512 into a region from which the particles are conveyed by gravity or conveyed by means of a mechanism such as a screw or plunger into the duct member 1501 and/or 1503 by means of the duct members 1518 and 1517 respectively during which time the suction source 1511 may either be turned off or its influence on cyclone separator 1504 may optionally be interrupted by an optional member such as a valve 1516.

The particle transfer means 1515 may be the same as or different from particle transfer means 1514 transferring particles 1512 to container 1513 by means of the duct member 1519 during which time the suction source 1511 may either be turned off or its influence on cyclone separator 1505 may be optionally interrupted by an optional member such as a valve 1520.

The particle transfer means 1514 and 1515 may alternately each comprise a door that opens and closes periodically or by the action of the user, a vibratory plate, or a vibratory plate in combination with a valve or door.

It is understood that the operation of transferring the particles from cyclones 1504 and 1505 may be continuously actuated; automatically actuated on a periodic basis; actuated or halted in response to a particle level within the cyclones or within the container 1513; actuated in response to a sensor; actuated by the interaction of the user with the system such as attempting the removal of the cyclone 1505; the optional container 1513, or by the powering up or powering down of the system, or by a combination of one or more of these methods.

It is also understood that this invention can be applied to groups or arrays of cyclones wherein 1504 and 1505 represent a plurality of cyclones in parallel rather than a single cyclone.

It is understood that the optional particle separation member 1510 may be a cyclone, a plurality of parallel cyclones, two or more cyclones connected in series, two or more cyclonic stages wherein each cyclonic stage comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel, two or more cyclonic stages wherein each cyclonic stage comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel and each individual cyclone in an upstream array of cyclones in parallel is in series fluid flow communication with a single cyclone of the downstream array of cyclones in parallel, two or more cyclonic stages wherein each cyclonic stage comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel and each individual cyclone in an upstream array of cyclones in parallel is in series fluid flow communication with more than one cyclone of the downstream array of cyclones in parallel (e.g. preferably two), two or more cyclonic stages wherein each cyclonic stage comprises a plurality of cyclones in parallel and each individual cyclone in an upstream array of cyclones in parallel is in series fluid flow communication with a manifold which feeds at least one cyclone of the downstream stage, a fibrous filter media, a fibrous media with an adhesive or surface treatment applied to aid in fine particle capture or retention, or a liquid bath through which the fluid stream must pass.

It is also understood that the optional particle separation member 1510 may be physically adjacent to the suction source 1511 or that it may be connected to the suction source 1511 by means of a duct or passage way, which may include one or more bends. It is also understood that the outlet of the cyclones may be through the bottom or side wall of the cyclone, or a combination thereof. It is also understood that the fluid flow 1501 may come from a floor nozzle of a vacuum cleaner or other floor cleaning device, from the wand or hose of a vacuum cleaner or other cleaning device, from the air in a room, from a fluid wherein one or more particles sizes or types is to be separated, from another source similar to those described above with reference to optional particle separation member 1510 or from a liquid bath through which the fluid stream must pass.

An alternate embodiment of a plurality of cyclones that are configured such that material that is disentrained by one cyclone is conveyed to another cyclone by introducing the separated material into the fluid flow stream that travels to the other cyclone is exemplified in FIG. 15 a. FIG. 15 a shows a fluid flow duct 1501, which leads to cyclone separator 1505. The fluid flowing within duct 1501 continuously or periodically contains one or more types of particles or other materials 1512 which it is desired be removed from said fluid flow stream. The cyclone separator 1504 may be designed to capture finer particles more efficiently as it is in series with and downstream of cyclone separator 1505.

The particles 1512 collected in the cyclone separator 1504 are continuously or periodically transferred by means 1514 into the duct 1501 so that over time more of the particles collect in cyclone 1505.

The particle transfer means 1514 operates exactly as described with respect to FIG. 15 except that it only feeds into fluid flow duct 1501 by means of duct member 1518. The particle transfer means 1515 operates exactly as described with respect to FIG. 15 except that in operation valve 1516 would be used to optionally disrupt the influence of suction source 1516 on cyclone 1505 as the cyclones 1504, 1505 are in series.

The air outlet 1506 from cyclone 1504 passes through duct 1507 to the optional particle separation member 1510, which is adjacent to the suction source 1511. It is also understood that an optional particle separation member 1510 a, which is adjacent to the outlet of the suction source 1511 can also be provided. It is understood that the members 1510 and 1510 a may optionally be removed together for cleaning and may be placed mechanically adjacent to each other. It is understood that the optional particle separation member 1510 or 1510 a may be the same as described with respect to FIG. 15.

It is also understood in this invention that the optional particle separation member 1510 or 1510 a may be physically adjacent to the suction source 1511 or that it may be connected to said suction by means of a duct or passage way which may include one or more bends. It is also understood that the outlet of the cyclones way be through the bottom or sidewall of the cyclone, or a combination thereof.

It is also understood that the fluid flow 1501 may come from any source as described with respect to FIG. 15.

It is also understood in this invention that the cyclone separators 1504 and 1505 may each represent a single or a plurality of parallel cyclones, and that this invention may be applied to more than two sequential cyclones so that the particles 1512 are collected in a number of cyclones or cyclone stages which is less than the total number of cyclones or cyclone stages. It is also understood that 1510 or 1510 a may themselves be a plurality of cyclones mounted into the wall or the portion of the wall of a larger cyclone thereby creating a structure which minimizes energy losses in connecting ducts. It is also understood that the structures described in FIGS. 15 and 15A can be configured to remove nano-sized particles and live virus particles.

Transparent Plastic Sections

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, a surface cleaning apparatus has a plurality of cyclones in parallel 9 having at least one dirt collection chamber 52 wherein at least a portion of the dirt collection chamber below the maximum fill position (which may be a maximum fill line marked on the housing) is transparent.

For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 a, second stage cyclones each have a dirt collection chamber 52 having an outer wall 100 that is transparent. Further, cyclone chamber 102 has an outer wall 104 that is transparent. Second stage cyclones 9 are provided within a casing or housing having a side wall 106 and a top wall 108 which are transparent. Provided that a portion of side wall 106 that is outward of the maximum fill line of dirt collection chamber 52 is transparent, then a user may view the maximum fill line or position and determine when to empty the second stage dirt collection chambers 52. It will be appreciated that, as exemplified, each of the second stage cyclones and the second stage cyclone housings may be made from transparent plastic (which may be shaded or tinted but still permit a user to see therethrough) and that part may be masked by a label or coating so as to render part thereof opaque. Provided the user can view when the dirt collection chamber(s) 52 are full, the user will have a visual signal to clean or empty the second stage cyclones. This design is particularly preferred when the plurality of cyclones 9 has an associated plurality of dirt collection chambers 52, and preferably each cyclone 9 has an associated dirt collection chamber 52, and, particularly, when the cyclones 9 are emptied separately from another cleaning stage.

Alternately, or in addition, a filter 112 (e.g., foam, HEPA, etc.) may be provided in a housing 110 wherein at least a portion of the housing that is visible, or may be made visible, is transparent. Preferably, all of housing 110 is transparent plastic. This permits a user to notice when filter 112 is dirty and requires cleaning or replacement. preferably, housing 110 is a pre-motor filter. Accordingly, for example, housing 112 may be provided in pre-motor area 16. Thus when cyclonic cleaning unit 6 is removed, a user can view housing 110, e.g., the top thereof. However, it will be appreciated that filter 112, which is not provided in the cyclone chamber, may be visible through a transparent side wall of the vacuum cleaner or may housing 110 may be visible when a door that is provided in the vacuum cleaner is opened. An advantage of using a housing is that the consumer need not touch filter 112 when removing filter 112 from the vacuum cleaner.

It will be appreciated that one or more filters (e.g., foam) may be removable with the cyclone array 156 and that these may be provided in a housing, a portion or all of which is transparent.

Uses

It is also understood that any or all of the embodiments may be used individually or in combination or sub-combinations. In addition to their use in surface cleaning appliances and other domestic appliances and breathing masks, they may also be used, singly or in combination, in other applications.

For example, the cyclonic embodiments described herein may be used in conjunction with a fan or other air moving means to create a sweeper, a sweeper with suction, a vacuum cleaner, a canister vacuum cleaner, an upright vacuum cleaner, a wet/dry vacuum cleaner, a stick vacuum cleaner, a carpet shampooer, a carpet extractor, a hand vacuum, a back pack vacuum, a vehicle mounted vacuum, or any other type of vacuum cleaner or dust extractor or to pick up unwanted particles and to subsequently remove unwanted particles from air.

Alternately, the cyclonic embodiments described herein may be applied to the inlet for cooling air to, and/or the outlet of air from, computers, electronic equipment, or mechanical equipment to protect a computer or equipment from particles, which may damage them or impair their function.

It is also understood that the cyclonic embodiments described herein may be used in conjunction with a fan or other air moving means to create an air cleaner, air purifier, airborne particle capture system, fan with a particle capture system, automotive cabin air filter, heating, cooling or ventilation system to capture unwanted particles from an air stream.

It is also understood that the cyclonic embodiments described herein may be used in conjunction with a fan or other air moving means to create a filter mask to capture unwanted particles from an air stream. A filter mask constructed with the cyclones descried in this specification or with any cyclones known in the art may be designed to filter the air that a person breathes in, breathes out, or both, so as to be able to create a portable means of isolating a person from their surrounding environment. A small fan may optionally be used to reduce the pressure that the person must exert with their lungs to breathe in and/or out through the cyclonic means.

It is also understood that the cyclonic embodiments described herein may be used in conjunction with a fluid moving device to create a means of removing unwanted particles from fluid. The cyclonic embodiments described in this specification may be placed in the duct leading to the fluid moving member, either directly adjacent or some distance away, to protect the fluid moving member from the particles and to remove them. The cyclonic embodiments described herein may alternately or also be placed in the duct leading from a fluid moving member, either directly adjacent or some distance away, to protect equipment downstream from the fluid moving member from the particles which the fluid moving member may introduce to the fluid stream. The positioning of the cyclonic embodiments described herein may be mechanically arranged so that they can both be removed for cleaning or servicing together.

It is also understood that the cyclonic inventions described herein may be used to reduce the particle emissions from any type of burner used to heat homes, heat water, and to remove emissions from the exhaust gasses from industrial processes, the exhaust gasses from internal combustion engines, the exhaust gasses from external combustion engines and the exhaust gasses from turbine engines. The cyclonic embodiments described herein may be placed in the duct leading to or from the emission source, either directly adjacent or some distance away, to protect the particle emission causing device from particles in the air stream which they require to operate. The cyclonic embodiments described herein may alternately or also be placed in the duct leading from the particle emissions source, either directly adjacent or some distance away, to protect equipment downstream from the emissions source and the environment from the particles which the emissions source may introduce into its exhaust stream.

The advantage of the multi stage cyclonic separation means described herein is that a vacuum cleaner, filter mask or other apparatus mentioned herein may be produced which can optionally reach HEPA or ULPA separation levels without the use of a filter.

The cyclonic separation means employed in this manner may be cleaned or disposed of, or a combination thereof.

Optional Fluid Flow Motors

The fan means used in any aspect may be a two to ten stage fan system operating from one or more motors in series or in parallel and the fan may be a propeller, an impeller, a Prandtl layer turbine also known as a Tesla turbine, or a combination thereof.

Optionally, the vacuum cleaner may be powered by means of a Stirling engine, a steam engine, or an internal combustion engine wherein said Stirling engine, steam engine, or internal combustion engine may optionally be operated from hydrogen gas produced by electricity from the wall or from a battery or produced by a chemical reaction or which may optionally be withdrawn from a storage vessel. The option to manually or automatically switch the hydrogen source powering the vacuum from one source to another may be provided. It is to be appreciated that a hydrogen powered appliance, including surface cleaning apparatus and other appliances for indoor use, may operate using any design known in the respective arts.

Hydrogen produced by electricity when an appliance, e.g. a surface cleaning apparatus, preferably a vacuum cleaner, is plugged into an electric outlet may be used to power the surface cleaning apparatus. All or a portion of the hydrogen may be stored for cordless operation. It will be appreciated that some hydrogen may be used as it is generated to operate the device. Such a hydrogen powered surface cleaning apparatus may be used alone or in combination with any other embodiment disclosed herein. The hydrogen produced by electricity when the vacuum is plugged in but not being used is a preferred method of operating. The storage means contemplated is any means known in the art including but not limited to pressurized storage, storage in a metal hydride or other adsorptive storage means. The hydrogen stored may be produced by fuel reforming, chemical reactions or by electrolysis. Alternately, or in addition, a central hydrogen generator which charges a small portable “vessel” which is plugged into the air cleaning device may be provided.

Adhesive Member

It is also understood that in any embodiment, an adhesive material such as agar or pectin or a rubber based adhesive may be applied to the all or a portion of interior surfaces of cyclone separator 20 to assist in the capture and retention of fine particles. For example, the adhesive can be applied to the interior and exterior of the down flow tubes 27 b and 27 c and/or plate 32 which may be removed for cleaning when the bottom of the cyclones is removed or this section may be disposed of and replaced with a clean piece with fresh adhesive. Alternately, or in addition, the mesh used to construct the screen 28 may incorporate an adhesive or micro-filaments, which aid in the entrapment of fibers, hairs or particles. Accordingly, if the screen 28 comprises an adhesive material, it will be appreciated that the screen 28 may be disposable.

This embodiment is particularly useful in cyclone separators where small quantities of fine particles are to be collected such as in the second, third, or fourth or other sequential stages of a multistage cyclone separator. Alternately, or in addition, the plate may be made from or coated with a fibrous material, such as micro filaments, to assist in retaining dirt in the cyclone casing. It will be appreciated that, in accordance with such embodiments, the plate may be disposable.

Water Mist

In accordance with another aspect, which may be used individually or with any other aspect, a water mist created, preferably, by means of electrostatically and/or mechanically atomization can be placed upstream of a cyclonic embodiment described herein or any cyclonic separation means known in the art to create a humidification means wherein the particles which do not become collected are cyclonically removed from the fluid flow stream. Optionally, one or more or a combination of the cyclonic embodiments described in this specification or any cyclonic separation means known in the art may be placed upstream of the mist source to prevent airborne particles from contaminating or otherwise interfering with the operation of the mist source.

The water, which does not evaporate, may be recirculated though a filter and/or ozone disinfection and oxidation system and/or ultra violet light disinfection system before it is reused in the atomization process. If ozonated water is used to create the mist, air disinfection can be achieved before a down stream cyclone separator is employed to remove the remaining ozonated water droplets from the air stream.

It is also understood that ozone gas can be introduced into an air stream to oxidize pollutants and to disinfect airborne particles upstream and that the down stream cyclone separator can remove oxidized particles and that if optionally, an electrostatic and/or mechanical atomization mist source is employed, the ozone gas can be captured in the water droplets and the water droplets can be removed by means of a down stream cyclone separator.

The improvements may be used in a single application, or individually or in sub-combinations. In particular, the improvements in the design of cyclones and arrays of cyclones may be used in a single application, or individually or in sub-combinations. For example, one or more of the improvements may be used in a single vacuum cleaner. The improvements which are selected may be determined based on the degree of particulate removal which is required, whether a pre and/or post motor filter is utilized, the amount of back pressure which may be produced by the air flow path through the vacuum cleaner, the power of the suction motor and the like.

It will be appreciated that various modifications and alterations of the embodiments known herein may be made and each is within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising: (a) a dirt inlet; (b) a handle; (c) a cyclone bin having a longitudinal axis and a sidewall extending between an openable top and an openable bottom; (d) a cyclone chamber located in the cyclone bin and having an upper wall, a fluid inlet downstream from the dirt air inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid outlet is removably mounted in the upper wall; (e) a dirt collection chamber for the cyclone chamber, the dirt collection chamber located in the cyclone bin; and, (f) a fluid flow motor.
 2. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the openable top secures the fluid outlet in a closed position.
 3. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 2 wherein the openable top has engagement members that retains the fluid outlet in position when the openable top is in the closed position.
 4. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the openable bottom comprises a floor of the dirt collection chamber.
 5. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fluid outlet has an upper portion positioned above the upper wall.
 6. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fluid outlet is rotatably mounted to the upper wall.
 7. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fluid outlet is slidably receivable in the upper all in any rotational alignment with respect to the longitudinal axis.
 8. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a screen covering an inlet of the fluid outlet and removable with the fluid outlet.
 9. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 8 wherein the upper wall has a removable annular band that has a diameter larger than the diameter of the screen.
 10. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 9 wherein the removable annular band is removable with the fluid conduit.
 11. A surface cleaning apparatus comprising: (a) a dirt inlet; (b) a handle; (c) a cyclone bin having a sidewall extending between a first openable end and a spaced apart opposed second openable end; (d) a cyclone chamber located in the cyclone bin and having an end wall at the first openable end, a fluid inlet downstream from the dirt air inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid outlet is provided in the end wall and is removably mounted; and, (e) a fluid flow motor.
 12. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 further comprising a dirt collection chamber for the cyclone chamber, the dirt collection chamber located in the cyclone bin.
 13. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 12 wherein the second openable end comprises an end wall of the dirt collection chamber.
 14. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first openable end interacts with the fluid outlet whereby the fluid outlet is retained in position when the first openable end is in a closed position.
 15. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 14 wherein the first openable end has engagement members that retain the fluid outlet in position when the first openable end is in the closed position.
 16. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the fluid outlet has an outer portion that extends beyond the end wall outward of the cyclone chamber.
 17. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 16 wherein the fluid outlet is rotatably mounted to the end wall.
 18. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 wherein the fluid outlet is slidably receivable in the end wall in any rotational alignment with respect to a longitudinal axis of the cyclone chamber.
 19. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 11 further comprising a screen covering an inlet of the fluid outlet and removable with the fluid outlet.
 20. The surface cleaning apparatus of claim 19 wherein the end wall has a removable annular band that has a diameter larger than the diameter of the screen. 